Greetings,

I am afraid that the Kipura/Ngolo indeed DID originate in Africa. Arts such as Kambangula, Om/OnKandeka (front and back hand palm striking), Nzanga kicking, sweeping and tripping, Mutu (headbutting) and grappling, sanguar evasion techniques (to evade blows, kicks, bladed weapond cuts and projectile weapons) are part of its core. It is not unique among African combatives. Kwambe is the kicking style within the Hausa Butchers Guild’s Dambe traditional “boxing”, there is Ladja of Martinique, the African-American “Knockin n’ Kickin’, the African Surinam’s Nsusa, et al.

Think about how ludicrous it sounds to believe Africans, enslaved on plantations, from sun up to sun down, had the time and energy to devote to not only developing a fighting tradition, but one as intricate as Capoeira and one able to fool an enslaver. Contrary to popular belief, its rhtymic core WAS NOT developed to mask its martial background but, rather, to teach timing and how to break rythm.

Regards,

Kenneth House

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